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Perceived resource support for chronic illnesses among diabetics in north-western China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0441-3

摘要：

A high level of social support can improve long-term diabetes self-management. Support from a single source has been evaluated. This study aims to analyze support from multiple and multilevel sources for diabetic patients by using the Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS). Factors influencing the utilization of the CIRS were also evaluated. A total of 297 patients with diabetes were investigated using the CIRS and Perceived Diabetes Self-management Scale in Shihezi City, China. Descriptive statistics were used to explain demographic variables and scores of the scales. Factors affecting the utilization of chronic illness resources were determined through univariate analysis and then examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Of the 297 diabetic patients surveyed, 67% failed to reach the standard (more than 3 points) of utilizing chronic illness resources. Moreover, utilization of chronic illness resources was positively moderately correlated with self-management of diabetes (r = 0.75, P <0.05). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age (OR, 3.42; 95%CI, 1.19–9.84) and monthly income (OR, 5.27; 95%CI, 1.86–14.90) were significantly positively associated with the CIRS score. Individuals with high school (OR, 2.61; 95%CI, 1.13–6.05) and college (OR, 3.02; 95%CI, 1.13–8.04) degrees obtained higher scores in the survey than those with elementary school education. Results indicated that utilization of resources and support for chronic illness self-management, particularly personal adjustment and organization, were not ideal among diabetics in the communities of north-western China. Improved utilization of chronic illness resources was conducive for proper diabetes self-management. Furthermore, the level of utilization of chronic illness resources increased with age, literacy level, and monthly income.

关键词： chronic illness resources survey     diabetes     community     north-western China    

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Numerical simulation of underground seasonal cold energy storage for a 10 MW solar thermal power plant in north-westernChina using TRNSYS

Zulkarnain ABBAS, Yong LI, Ruzhu WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 328-344 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0676-1

摘要： This paper aims to explore an efficient, cost-effective, and water-saving seasonal cold energy storage technique based on borehole heat exchangers to cool the condenser water in a 10 MW solar thermal power plant. The proposed seasonal cooling mechanism is designed for the areas under typical weather conditions to utilize the low ambient temperature during the winter season and to store cold energy. The main objective of this paper is to utilize the storage unit in the peak summer months to cool the condenser water and to replace the dry cooling system. Using the simulation platform transient system simulation program (TRNSYS), the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) system model has been developed and the dynamic capacity of the system in the charging and discharging mode of cold energy for one-year operation is studied. The typical meteorological year (TMY) data of Dunhuang, Gansu province, in north-western China, is utilized to determine the lowest ambient temperature and operation time of the system to store cold energy. The proposed seasonal cooling system is capable of enhancing the efficiency of a solar thermal power plant up to 1.54% and 2.74% in comparison with the water-cooled condenser system and air-cooled condenser system respectively. The techno-economic assessment of the proposed technique also supports its integration with the condenser unit in the solar thermal power plant. This technique has also a great potential to save the water in desert areas.

关键词： seasonal cold energy storage     borehole heat exchangers     typical meteorological data     TRNSYS     condenser cooling     techno-economic assessment    

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大西线南水北调虚拟仿真方法论

李伯衡

《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第5期   页码 19-23

摘要：

南水北调工程已正式列入“十五”计划，近期南水北调工程主要是东线和中线开工建设。文章论述了大西线南水北调的必要性和研究路线；论述了采用数字地球虚拟仿真技术研究西南诸外流主河的调水可行性，包括调水量、地质基础、调水路线优化、环境效益的研究方法和研究路线。

关键词： 西线调水     虚拟     方法论    

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GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN: THE AGROHYDROLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 594-598 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021407

摘要：

Agricultural production in the North China Plain with rainfall of less than 500 mm·yr−1 has been steadily increasing over the past 40 years, with the groundwater levels decreasing at a rate of over 1 m·yr−1. In this paper, it is demonstrated theoretically that the water level in the aquifer can be expressed as a function of agricultural production and the sum of water added as rainfall and imported from outside the basin. Therefore, the most effective measures to halt groundwater depletion are importing water, decreasing cropping intensity and growing less thirsty crops. Irrigation improvements, mulching and agronomic measures that could increase the yield per unit area have less of an impact on solving the declining groundwater levels.

 

关键词： crop yield / groundwater depletion / sustainability    

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NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期

摘要：

• Degree of integration of crop and livestock was insufficient on mixed smallholdings.

• Liquid manure discharges on industrial farms hamper the closing of nutrient loops.

• Coupling with local crop farms is encouraged to achieve integration of crop-livestock systems.

 

The proportion of industrial livestock in China has increased over the past 30 years, which increases animal performance but causes the decoupling of crop and livestock production. Here, we aimed to quantify nutrient flows, nutrient use efficiency, and nutrient losses in different livestock systems in the North China Plain based on the NUFER-farm model. Activity data were collected by face-to-face surveys on pig and dairy (41 livestock farms) during 2016–2018. The two systems included industrial farms and mixed smallholdings. In mixed smallholdings, 4.0% and 9.6% of pig and dairy feed dry matter (DM) were derived from household farmland, but 4.8% and 9.3% of manure DM recycled to household farmland. Nutrient use efficiency in industrial farms was higher than in mixed smallholdings at animal level, herd level, and system level. To produce 1 kg N and P in animal products, nutrient losses in industrial pig farms (2.0 kg N and 1.3 kg P) were lower than in mixed pig smallholdings, nutrient losses in industrial dairy farms (2.7 kg N and 2.2 kg P) were slightly higher than in mixed dairy smallholdings. Liquid manure discharge in industrial farms was the main losses pathway in contrast to mixed smallholdings. This study suggests that feed localization can reduce nutrient surpluses at the district level. It is necessary to improve manure management and increase the degree of integrated crop-livestock in smallholdings. In industrial farms, it is desirable to increase the liquid manure recycling ratio through cooperating livestock and crop production at the district level.

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Current status of municipal wastewater treatment plants in North-east China: implications for reforming

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1673-5

摘要：

● The performance and costs of 20 municipal WWTPs were analyzed.

关键词： Low temperature     Municipal WWTPs     Cold region     Electricity consumption     Nitrogen removal    

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Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China

Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 535-543 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0280-8

摘要： In estimating emissions reductions brought about by renewables in China, much of existing research assumes that renewables displace coal power. In this paper, this assumption is challenged and the potential environmental effects of photovoltaic (PV) power in North-west China are reevaluated when the marginal generator actually being displaced is taken into account. The annual PV power generation in the North-west Grid is estimated, in this paper, to be as high as 17900 GW·h in 2015, roughly equaling to the output of 1.5 nuclear power plants in the US today. The total associated emission reduction in 2015 will at most be 0.36 percent of SO and 0.25 percent of NO emissions from their 2010 levels in China. Further, PV power may render no emissions reduction at all if it displaces hydropower, which is often used to meet peak demand in the North-west Grid in China. These results imply that a more cost-effective area of focus in the short-term may be on desulfurization and denitrification technologies for coal plants.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV)     emission reduction     North-west China     marginal generator    

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CMIP5模式在东亚-西北太平洋地区的鲁棒性分析

周天军, 陈晓龙, 吴波, 郭准, 孙咏, 邹立维, 满文敏, 张丽霞, 何超

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第5期   页码 773-778 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.05.018

摘要：
耦合模式比较计划（CMIP）是气候模拟研究领域的重要国际合作平台，服务于气候模式比较、气候变率、气候预测和气候预估。改善气候模式在东亚和西北太平洋地区的模拟性能，一直是气候模式领域面临的一项挑战。针对第五次耦合模式比较计划（CMIP5）中的气候模式，本文提供了综合鲁棒性分析。本文从气候平均态、年际变率、中上新世（MP）和过去千年的历史气候变化、气候预估的角度，对CMIP5 模式的优缺点进行了评估。另外，还评估了区域气候模式相对于驱动其运行的全球气候模式带来的模拟增值。从CMIP3 到CMIP5，模式的可信度明显提高，气候平均态、年际变率和过去气候变化的模拟情况有所改善，但在CMIP5 模式中，一些之前已知的偏差，如西北太平洋副热带高压脊线的位置和与之相关的降水偏差等，仍然很明显。对于年际振幅的模拟也存在明显的缺陷，如厄尔尼诺- 南方涛动（ENSO）与季风的关系。在模拟平均气候态和年际变率时，耦合模式的表现通常优于单独大气模式。多模式比较的结果表明，尽管在克劳修斯- 克拉珀龙方程约束下模式预估的降水一致增加，但未来气候预估仍存在明显的不确定性。对东亚- 西北太平洋地区的动力降尺度预估而言，区域海洋- 大气耦合模式是一个较好的选择。

关键词： 东亚季风     西北太平洋气候     厄尔尼诺-南方涛动     过去的气候变化     气候预估     耦合气候模式     区域气候模式    

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关于西部大开发对新疆工作的要求

刘守仁

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第10期   页码 59-62

摘要：

新疆是我国西部的一个大省，生产建设兵团又以一种特殊的组织形式成为新疆的重要组成部分，新疆及兵团以其独特的地缘、人文、资源条件在西部开发中应当是大有作为的。新疆和生产建设兵团的开发要走出有自我特色之路，要加大环境保护力度，提髙作物光热资源利用和加速节水农业推广。观念转变是关键，人才开发是重点，而政府职能转变尤显重要，管理人才更是急需。农业要改变单纯的粮棉种植结构，大力提高畜牧业，特别是优质细毛羊在农业中的比重。西部大开发功在当代，利在千秋，注重近期效益与长远发展的结合，以保护群众积极参与的热情，促进战略目标的实现。

关键词： 西部开发     新疆     生产建设兵团    

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TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第2期   页码 295-308 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021434

摘要：

Since the Green Revolution cropping systems have been progressively homogenized and intensified with increasing rates of inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and water. This has resulted in higher crop productivity but also a high environmental burden due to increased pollution and water depletion. To identify opportunities for increasing the productivity and reducing the environmental impact of cropping systems, it is crucial to assess the associated trade-offs. The paper presents a model-based analysis of how 30 different crop rotations practiced in the North China Plain could be combined at the regional level to overcome trade-offs between indicators of economic, food security, and environmental performance. The model uses evolutionary multi-objective optimization to maximize revenues, livestock products, dietary and vitamin C yield, and to minimize the decline of the groundwater table. The modeling revealed substantial trade-offs between objectives of maximizing productivity and profitability versus minimizing ground water decline, and between production of livestock products and vitamin C yield. Six strategies each defining a specific combination of cropping systems and contributing to different extents to the various objectives were identified. Implementation of these six strategies could be used to find opportunities to mitigate the trade-offs between objectives. It was concluded that a holistic analysis of the potential of a diversity cropping systems at a regional level is needed to find integrative solutions for challenges due to conflicting objectives for food production, economic viability and environmental protection.

关键词： crop rotation / food security / multi-objective optimization / water use    

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Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0840-3

摘要： We modeled the impact of haze radiative effects on precipitation in North China. Shortwave heating induced by haze radiative effects would reduce heavy rainfalls. Convection was the key factor that whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed. Precipitation was often suppressed where CAPE, RH and updraft velocities were high. The impact of haze radiative effect on summertime 24-h convective precipitation over North China was investigated using WRF model (version 3.3) through model sensitivity studies between scenarios with and without aerosol radiative effects. The haze radiative effect was represented by incorporating an idealized aerosol optical profile, with AOD values around 1, derived from the aircraft measurement into the WRF shortwave scheme. We found that the shortwave heating induced by aerosol radiative effects would significantly reduce heavy rainfalls, although its effect on the post-frontal localized thunderstorm precipitation was more diverse. To capture the key factors that determine whether precipitation is enhanced or suppressed, model grids with 24-h precipitation difference between the two scenarios exceeding certain threshold (>30 mm or<-30 mm) were separated into two sets. Analyses of key meteorological variables between the enhanced and suppressed regimes suggested that atmospheric convection was the most important factor that determined whether precipitation was enhanced or suppressed during summertime over North China. The convection was stronger over places with precipitation enhancement over 30 mm. Haze weakened the convection over places with precipitation suppression exceeding 30 mm and caused less water vapor to rise to a higher level and thus further suppressed precipitation. The suppression of precipitation was often accompanied with relatively high convective available potential energy (CAPE), relative humidity (RH) and updraft velocities.

关键词： Haze     Aerosol radiative effects     Convective precipitation    

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我国北方地区水资源合理配置与南水北调

潘家铮

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第10期   页码 26-32

摘要：

根据我国的水资源状况及可持续发展的需要，从水量丰富的长江流域引水北上的南水北调工程是势在必行和可以做到的。南水北调的原则应是：建立节水型社会，以供定需；合理配置，注意挖潜；东线、中线相辅相成，并非有我无他；编制概算实事求是，力戒“上马概算”；局部利益服从整体利益，暂时利益服从长远利益；坚持水资源统一管理，科学调配，有偿使用；西南调水不现实，宜暂缓。

关键词： 水资源     可持续发展     南水北调    

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中国西部开发的防灾减灾综合管理——兼论西部生态安全建设山川秀美评价指标体系

金磊

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第3期   页码 16-20

摘要：

在西部大开发中实施防灾减灾，利用科技减灾，为西部生态环境建设作贡献。西部生态环境建设中要强调科技减灾，落实科技减灾产业化思想，大力推进并注入减灾中的科技含量。文章指出，应崇尚一种实事求是的科学精神及战略观念，靠科学评估、靠灾害风险分析、靠适度的生态环境政策，以确保西部开发规划、设计、建设各环节，充分考虑防灾减灾关系到西部可持续发展的关键要素实施。

关键词： 中国西部开发     山川秀美     综合减灾     管理体系    

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Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第4期   页码 295-310 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015074

摘要： The North China Plain (NCP) is a major grain production area in China, but the current winter wheat-summer maize system has resulted in a large water deficit. This water-shortage necessitates the improvement of crop water productivity in the NCP. A crop water model, AquaCrop, was adopted to investigate yield and water productivity (WP) for rain-fed summer maize on the piedmont of the NCP. The data sets to calibrate and validate the model were obtained from a 3-year (2011–2013) field experiment conducted on the Yanshan piedmont of the NCP. The range of root mean square error (RMSE) between the simulated and measured biomass was 0.67–1.25 t·hm , and that of relative error (RE) was 9.4%–15.4%, the coefficient of determination ( ) ranged from 0.992 to 0.994. The RMSE between the simulated and measured soil water storage at depth of 0–100 cm ranged from 4.09 to 4.39 mm; and RE and in the range of 1.07%–1.20% and 0.880–0.997, respectively. The WP as measured by crop yield per unit evapotranspiration was 2.50–2.66 kg·m . The simulated impact of long-term climate (i.e., 1980–2010) and groundwater depth on crop yield and WP revealed that the higher yield and WP could be obtained in dry years in areas with capillary recharge from groundwater, and much lower values elsewhere. The simulation also suggested that supplementary irrigation in areas without capillary groundwater would not result in groundwater over-tapping since the precipitation can meet the water required by both maize and ecosystem, thus a beneficial outcome for both food and ecosystem security can be assured.

关键词： AquaCrop     summer maize     soil water balance     water productivity    

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PM2.5 over North China based on MODIS AOD and effect of meteorological elements during 2003‒2015

Youfang Chen, Yimin Zhou, Xinyi Zhao

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1202-8

摘要： The Taihang Mountains was the boundary between high and low pollution areas. There were one high value center for PM2.5 pollution and two low value centers. In 2004, 2009 and after 2013, PM2.5 concentration was relatively low. Over the past 40 years, PM2.5 pollution in North China has become increasingly serious and progressively exposes the densely populated areas to pollutants. However, due to limited ground data, it is challenging to estimate accurate PM2.5 exposure levels, further making it unfavorable for the prediction and prevention of PM2.5 pollutions. This paper therefore uses the mixed effect model to estimate daily PM2.5 concentrations of North China between 2003 and 2015 with ground observation data and MODIS AOD satellite data. The tempo-spatial characteristics of PM2.5 and the influence of meteorological elements on PM2.5 is discussed with EOF and canonical correlation analysis respectively. Results show that overall R2 is 0.36 and the root mean squared predicted error was 30.1 μg/m3 for the model prediction. Our time series analysis showed that, the Taihang Mountains acted as a boundary between the high and low pollution areas in North China; while the northern part of Henan Province, the southern part of Hebei Province and the western part of Shandong Province were the most polluted areas. Although, in 2004, 2009 and dates after 2013, PM2.5 concentrations were relatively low. Meteorological/topography conditions, that include high surface humidity of area in the range of 34°‒40°N and 119°‒124°E, relatively low boundary layer heights, and southerly and easterly winds from the east and north area were common factors attributed to haze in the most polluted area. Overall, the spatial distribution of increasingly concentrated PM2.5 pollution in North China are consistent with the local emission level, unfavorable meteorological conditions and topographic changes.

关键词： Aerosol optical depth     PM2.5     MODIS     Mixed effect model     Canonical correlation analysis    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Perceived resource support for chronic illnesses among diabetics in north-western China

null

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of underground seasonal cold energy storage for a 10 MW solar thermal power plant in north-westernChina using TRNSYS

Zulkarnain ABBAS, Yong LI, Ruzhu WANG

期刊论文

大西线南水北调虚拟仿真方法论

李伯衡

期刊论文

GROUNDWATER DEPLETION IN THE NORTH CHINA PLAIN: THE AGROHYDROLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

期刊论文

NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY AND LOSSES OF INDUSTRIAL FARMS AND MIXED SMALLHOLDINGS: LESSONS FROM THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN

期刊论文

Current status of municipal wastewater treatment plants in North-east China: implications for reforming

期刊论文

Estimation of environmental effects of photovoltaic generation in North-west China

Mengjia REN, Anastasia SHCHERBAKOVA

期刊论文

CMIP5模式在东亚-西北太平洋地区的鲁棒性分析

周天军, 陈晓龙, 吴波, 郭准, 孙咏, 邹立维, 满文敏, 张丽霞, 何超

期刊论文

关于西部大开发对新疆工作的要求

刘守仁

期刊论文

TRADE-OFFS IN THE DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS AT A REGIONAL LEVEL: A CASE STUDY ON THE NORTHCHINA PLAIN

期刊论文

Modeling radiative effects of haze on summer-time convective precipitation over North China: a case study

Xuying WANG, Bin ZHANG

期刊论文

我国北方地区水资源合理配置与南水北调

潘家铮

期刊论文

中国西部开发的防灾减灾综合管理——兼论西部生态安全建设山川秀美评价指标体系

金磊

期刊论文

Quantitative analysis of yield and soil water balance for summer maize on the piedmont of the North China

Jingjing WANG,Feng HUANG,Baoguo LI

期刊论文

PM2.5 over North China based on MODIS AOD and effect of meteorological elements during 2003‒2015

Youfang Chen, Yimin Zhou, Xinyi Zhao

期刊论文